Practice Points:
- Cool to a central body temperature of 33.5 ◦C for 72 h as soon as possible in term and near-term neonates with moderate and severe NE.
- TH for term and near-term newborns with mild NE remains debated with insufficient systematic evidence proving improved neuro- developmental outcome with treatment, and without a clear picture of risks and drawbacks.
- There is evidence of no benefit from deeper or longer duration of cooling in term and near-term neonates with moderate and severe NE.
- There is no evidence that late cooling initiated more than 6–24 h after birth is beneficial in term and near-term neonates with moderate and severe NE.
- Normothermia and avoidance of hyperthermia should be the standard of care in low-resource settings.
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